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Dr. Joan Grusec, a University of Toronto psychology professor, found that children praised for making charitable donations were less likely to be generous than children told that they seemed to like helping others, a descriptive response.
Most of the questions required students to list responses rather than provide a descriptive response.
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Each question has six descriptive response options on a 0 5 points scale.
A first selection of items was made from descriptive response distribution for each item.
The original FRI [ 19] contains 10 items with each rated on a five-point Likert scale that incorporated both visual and descriptive response options in reference to the patient's functional status 'today'today
The descriptive response from the EQ-5D can be converted into an index score which is useful for clinical and economic evaluations [ 2].
For that purpose, as very descriptive, response surface designs are most preferable.
Two of the questions had descriptive response alternatives and were presented separately.
First, for respondents to be able to communicate their positions accurately (and for investigators and clinicians to accurately interpret those responses), the descriptive response category labels need to have distinct and unambiguous meanings that reflect differences in amount [ 2].
Their methodology addresses recognized NDI [ 2] validity problems including the dual factor structure [ 3], face and content validity from poor WHO-ICF compliance [ 4] and ordinal scale values due to descriptive response options [ 5].
Following the tradition of Likert [ 1], this is achieved by assigning integral numerals (e.g., 0 - 1 - 2 - 3) to descriptive response categories (e.g., none - mild - moderate - severe) as a means of partitioning the underlying latent quantitative continuum into successively increasing (or decreasing) amounts of the variable.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com