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A deontological approach, meanwhile, also takes into account aspects of the action itself, like whether it adheres to certain rules.
Moral "oughts" (in a deontological sense) are not determined by what is easy but by what is right.
A utilitarian morality will understand these terms in one way, a deontological (for example, Kantian) morality in quite another way, an Aristotelian virtue morality in yet another way.
As such, philosophers of a deontological orientation question whether such reasoning can provide an adequate account of the role of rights and duties in practical reasoning.
In other words, a deontological approach calls for doing certain things on principle or because they are inherently right, whereas a teleological approach advocates that certain kinds of actions are right because of the goodness of their consequences.
More than two millennia later, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant argued for a deontological (duty-based) view when he claimed that human beings have direct moral duties to other human beings who are morally autonomous entities and thus have moral standing but not to nonhuman organisms, which are not morally autonomous.
The alternative to an axiological formulation is a deontological formulation.
These theorists tend to eschew consequentialism in favour of a deontological or pluralist theoretical stance.
Retributivism seems to contain both a deontological and a consequentialist element.
A deontological requirement specifies ways in which each agent should always treat other people.
If one accepts a deontological approach to ethics, this response seems decisive.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com