If jazz is a music of constant change, then the Canadian pianist Paul Bley, who has died aged 83, was one of the most steadfast proponents of that demanding characteristic.
Evidence of positive selection on OXPHOS genes has been associated with evolution of a variety of energetically demanding characteristics (reviewed in [ 16]), including origin of large brains in anthropoid primates [ 17], powered flight in bats [ 18], and adaptation to cold environment in polar bears [ 19].
If perceived and felt emotions are not explicitly differentiated for subjects in a study, they may be assumed to be similar by that individual, and lead to a demand characteristic (e.g., "This is a happy piece of music, therefore, I should say that I'm happy").
Given the research team was Western, likely identified as "American", it is possible a "demand characteristic" was created where interviewees would be reluctant to share culture-based criticisms or observations with the researchers.
One question that can be asked about these harmony ratings is whether the instructions we gave produced a "demand characteristic" such that participants inferred that they are "supposed" to give the pattern of data that we observed.
It also shows that our observers were not responding to a demand characteristic in which they inferred that harmony was the same as similarity, for their ratings clearly contradict this equivalence in the lightness dimension.
Because we used a between-subjects design and analysis, our results rule out a demand-characteristics interpretation that may explain a similar finding in earlier research.
Merckelbach and van de Ven [ 20] used a white noise paradigm to investigate whether reports of hallucinatory experiences were associated with a heightened sensitivity to demand characteristics, suggestibility, and fantasy proneness.
Generic motivations for medicine as a career can be assessed using the Medical Situations Questionnaire, without undue response bias due to demand characteristics.
Thus, the effects might be due to demand characteristics, the Hawthorn effect, or possible placebo effect of being in a group.
In the third case, the sinterized material did not accomplish the demanded characteristics.
