Exact(8)
The present work shows that, at least on a coarse grain, different cortical perturbations result in a degree of response differentiation that is consistently higher compared to random test-retest variability (Fig. 3 and 4).
A degree of response bias is possible; organisations with a longer list may be more inclined to reply.
Voluntary surveys always employ a degree of response bias, where those who answer may be more knowledgeable, or more interested in the topics discussed, than the general population.
Participants may also have exhibited a degree of response bias in that they might have offered responses that they felt pleased the interviewer.
Certain adaptive systems, besides the ability to return to their original value after a signal response, present also a degree of response that is proportional to the relative change in the input signal and not to its absolute value.
The sequential mixed mode appears to be the most cost-effective mode of survey administration for surveys of the population of doctors, if one is prepared to accept a degree of response bias.
Similar(52)
Some caution is appropriate in interpreting the results of the present study given the relatively low crude response rate of 9.6% which may have introduced a degree of non-response error.
If the GHQ-12 is multidimensional then it will perform poorly as a screen for non-specific psychiatric morbidity; if it has a substantial degree of response bias then the problem is exacerbated because conventional indices of reliability such as Cronbach's Alpha [ 21] may underestimate the degree of measurement error [ 22, 23].
These data suggest that children's decision-making under uncertainty is associated with a high degree of response conflict.
While all symptoms improved after antidepressant treatment in both countries, Turkish patients showed a greater degree of response than Swedish patients in depression (p = 0.048), stress (p = 0.014) and pain (p < 0.001) as measured by the prominent symptoms assessment (PSA).
Antisaccades are well-suited for examining response monitoring because they have a relatively well-delineated neuroanatomy and neurophysiology (for review see: Munoz and Everling, 2004), generate robust electrophyisological error markers, ERN, error positivity (Nieuwenhuis et al., 2001) and ACC hemodynamic responses (Polli et al., 2005) and involve a high degree of response conflict.
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