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Programmes and calls may be i) thematic, focused on a defined subject area; ii) general, such as to reinforce research capacity (scholarships, seminars, training, grants for visiting researchers); iii) open to any subject, with funding dependent on the quality of the proposal.
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However, this approach is complex and may not perform well in narrowly defined subject areas, interdisciplinary work, or to span changing research interests across a career.
Further, they suggest that the field of entrepreneurship can advance by encouraging several scholarly communities to flourish that focus in depth on closely defined subject areas.
The strengths of this study include the fact that all incident diabetic subjects in a defined geographical area were identified using uniform diagnostic criteria and followed over a long time period.
The dataset used, the Oxford record linkage study (ORLS), includes abstracts of birth registrations, maternities and in-patient hospital records, including day case care, for all subjects in a defined geographical area.
The Oxford record linkage study (ORLS) includes abstracts of birth registrations, maternities and in-patient hospital admission records, including day case care (ie admission to hospital for care without overnight stay), for all subjects in a defined geographical area of South East England.
In a Swedish study, prevalent cases of asthma among persons 20 65 years of age within a defined geographic area were identified as all subjects seeking medical care for asthma during a period of 18 months, using computerized data from multiple regional sources [ 26] The diagnosis was based on a combination of symptoms and objective signs of reversible airway obstruction.
Influenced by the cybernetic techniques being pioneered at the Polytechnic Institute while he was a student in Kyiv, he saw football as a system of twenty-two elementwo– two sub-systems of eleven elements – moving within a defined area (the pitch) and subject to a series of restrictions (the laws of the game).
As Valeriy Lobanovskyi, heavily influenced by the Kyivan cybernetics boom, described it, football in its purest form was "a system of 22 elements – two sub-systems of 11 elements – moving within a defined area [the pitch] and subject to a series of restrictions (the laws of the game).
Oslo University Hospital, Aker has a defined catchment area of 270 000 inhabitants.
Schools were randomly selected from within a defined geographic area.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com