Decimal reduction time (D-value) is the interval of time required, under a defined set of conditions, to provide a one decimal logarithm (1 log10, n = 1) or 90% reduction in the initial viable bacterial population (bioburden) [ 8] when exposed to a test disinfectant (chemical agent at final working solution concentration).
Traditionally, extracting free-text information has necessitated manual coding (where a researcher reads free-text and codes it by hand according to a defined set of coding rules) [ 8], which is time and labour intensive and therefore, not always feasible on a large scale.
We have performed a comprehensive deletion survey of 3p on more than 400 of lung, renal, breast, cervical and ovarian carcinomas (major epithelial cancers) using a defined set of markers, combining conventional LOH with quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR), comparative genomic and NotI microarrays hybridisations [1], [2], [3], [4], [5].
Proteomics identifies proteins expressed in the body, particularly defining sets of proteins expressed at a certain time under specified conditions [ 71].
Questions on RIS/PACS cost-effectiveness should not only be answered by comparing operating costs over a defined period of time and setting them in relation to the investment costs (statically or dynamically).
Based on the defined set of quality indicators according to time dependent guidelines and available medical knowledge, a two-fold increase of process quality and its medical decision making from the expert's point of view has been observed.
The need to conserve genetic diversity is widely accepted but involves in general two questions: (i) is the expected loss of diversity in a set of breeds within a defined future time horizon large enough to establish a conservation plan, and if so (ii) which breeds should be prioritised for such a conservation plan?
DR has been traditionally defined as a set of time dependent activities that reduce, shed or shift electricity use to improve electric grid reliability and manage costs, which mainly relies on customers' motivation for reducing electricity tariff [14].
Actions that should be considered to avoid unintended consequences include more involvement of health professionals in the design of legislation, the inclusion of triggers to target review of legislatively defined programs, and the setting of time limits for sun-setting legislation.
For example, if images of the Himalayas are used as cover media, the associated task sequence might be to search specific sites for images tagged with the words "mountain" and "glacier" and download a defined number of images in a set amount of time.
