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But there was a recognized path, a defined progression, a road map from here to there.
The UPR is a defined progression of events involving only few ER transmembrane proteins: (I) activation of the kinase PERK; this phosphorylates eIF2a, which induces transcription factor ATF4 and blocks translation; (II) activation of IRE1, which triggers protein kinase JNK and produces transcription factor XBP1 by an unconventional splicing event; and (III) processing and activation of ATF6.
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That most of the functional categories were assigned to one of these temporal peak patterns indicates a fairly defined progression of functions across the day.
A third study, which defined progression of carcinoid heart disease as a score increase of greater than twice the s.d. of the mean intraobserver variability, also demonstrated an association between post-therapy 5-HIAA levels and the progression of carcinoid heart disease (Denney et al, 1998).
Event analysis defined progression as a change that exceeded a predefined limit when compared to the baseline value.
We defined progression as a difference between baseline CAC and follow-up square-root transformed total CAC volume square-root transformed
NICE defined progression as a decline in GFR of more than 5 m/year/1.73 m/year, or more than 10 mL/min/1.73 m averaged over 5 years [ 6].
In this study, we defined progression of the disease as an increase in stage from either Ta or T1 to T2 or higher after disease relapse [ 30].
In an effort to make the interpretation more standardised, the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG2) has defined progression in bone as the presence of two or more new lesions on a bone scan compared with a prior scan [10].
The Pa O2/Fi O2 ratio defined progression from ALI to ARDS.
We defined progression on the basis of the Marshall classification.
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