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Fussy eating is common in early childhood and is associated with unhealthy dietary patterns; in particular a decreased preference for vegetables and fruits.
Similarly, in an anhedonia test, the CPF-exposed group showed a decreased preference for chocolate milk versus water.
These experiments resulted in a decreased preference for, and intake of palatable solutions such as sucrose or saccharine.
In this case, however, we can exclude radical involvement in the coupling step, since we observe a decreased preference for nucleophiles containing electron-withdrawing groups.
Reluctance to be confronted with advice to stop smoking may, for instance, have led to a decreased preference of visiting a doctor [ 25].
One possible explanation may relate to the overjustification hypothesis, which says that children develop a decreased preference for the rewarded behavior (e.g. eating fruit) [ 17].
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Our current study identified aggressiveness, male sexual activity, and deceptive mating behavior in presence of an audience as consistent, species-specific behavioral traits, while decreased preference expression due to an audience ('audience effects' sensu ) was found to be a universal feature in all but one of the investigated species.
Animal studies have provided some evidence for the role of D2 receptors: mice lacking these receptors show lower operant responding for alcohol, decreased preference for drinking alcohol, and a diminished alcohol-conditioned place preference (Cunningham and Phillips 2003).
We found consistent species-specific differences in aggressive behavior, sexual activity as well as in the level of misleading behavior, while decreased preference expression under increased SCR was a general feature of all but one species examined.
The group injected with fluphenazine before the first conditioning stage exhibited a significantly increased preference for the control pattern (and thus significantly decreased preference for the CS2), thus indicating that aversive second-order conditioning is achieved.
Thus, in rats, CMS induces an increased immobility in the FST associated with a decrease in reward sensitivity as measured by increased intracranial self-stimulation threshold, decreased sucrose consumption, decreased preference for alcohol, decreased sexual behavior and decreased amphetamine and morphine rewarding effects [48].
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