This represents a ceiling effect in our measure of cognitive abilities, resulting in a decrease in variance in offspring of highly educated mothers.
A limitation of the current study is the observed ceiling effect in our measure of cognitive abilities, resulting in a decrease in variance in offspring of highly educated mothers.
Of the few studies that have examined this phenomenon in regards to vascular function, all observed a decrease in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in offspring exposed to excess maternal food consumption.
This would manifest as a decrease in the condition of offspring born to damaged or old parents.
Maternal stunting at 2 year (compared to nonstunted) was associated with a 1.6-fold increase (PR = 1. 6, 95% CI: 1.25 2.05) in the risk for offspring LBW and with a 107.6 g (95% CI:−160.3 to −54.8) decrease in offspring birthweight.
While there appears to be limited evidence to suggest a decrease in the sex ratio of offspring and paternal g-force exposures, larger sample sizes and studies focusing on paternal exposures in the 3 months prior to conception are needed to establish whether exposure to g-forces is associated with a decrease in the sex ratio in offspring of military pilots.
When high-fat n-6 PUFA diets were co-supplemented with n-3 PUFA via fish oil during pregnancy in rats, a decrease in BC risk in the offspring was observed (Table 1) [ 28], suggesting that maternal intake of PUFA requires an optimal balance between n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA to mitigate the BC risk.
In a nationwide cohort in Denmark, Winther and colleagues (74) found a decrease in the sex ratio of offspring born to male survivors with radiation exposure (SR = 0.96), but not for female survivors (SR = 1.07).
Our data suggest that maternal exposure to PCBs before pregnancy, in this case primarily through consumption of contaminated fish from the Great Lakes, is associated with a decrease in the sex ratio of offspring.
