"There is a decrease in fidelity".
To rule out a decrease in fidelity of this enzyme induced by the proprietary modification, we performed polymerase fidelity assays (Flaman et al, 1994).
The role of mRNA translation is not well defined but an overall increase in translation could cause a decrease in fidelity of protein synthesis, increasing the overall burden of misfolded proteins hence contributing to oxidative stress (Kapahi et al, 2010).
However, in cases where what is transmitted is only partially presented, very complex, or the channel is noisy, then there is a decrease in the fidelity of what is transmitted across iterations just like there is in the children's game of Telephone.
It has been shown that a decrease in the fidelity of a particular DNA polymerase can lead to detrimental cellular effects, including cell death, cancer, and other genetic diseases [25], [26].
Adamic et al. (2014) found indeed a decrease in transmission fidelity (a mutation rate of 11%%), with some non-random modifications.
The data reported here suggest that as they traverse the chromosome, the two replication forks encounter in parallel regions of high DNA structure that result in a decrease in the fidelity of replication.
Moreover, several examples exist of point mutations in Polβ causing a dramatic decrease in fidelity [27] [32].
Despite the evidence for a decrease in DNA damage checkpoint fidelity in aging tissues, mutations of p53 and RB are frequently found in mutant clonal hematopoiesis associated with aging (Laurie et al., 2012; Xie et al., 2014).
Although the longer sequences appear to be better optimized in terms of having codons for more abundant tRNAs which increase their probability in proper and timely translation, it is easier for a ribosome to translate a short RNA sequences, as opposed to decrease in fidelity for longer translation.
The modest decrease in fidelity in unlikely to provide a number of defectors genomes sufficient to outweigh the decrease of defector genomes due to R-mediated mutagenesis during replication of the mutant virus.
