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Since ethanol prices presented an approximately normal distribution, its standard deviation was calculated and a variation equivalent to one standard deviation (20.5%) was used for the sensitivity analysis.
Cutoffs rely on 1.4826 times the median absolute deviation (MAD = median[abs(X – median[ X])]) such that they define a margin equivalent to one standard deviation from the median.
An effect size of one indicates a change in magnitude equivalent to one standard deviation.
Main outcome measure Clinically important functional decline, defined as a functional deterioration of 5 points in five activities of daily living each scored from 0 to 3 (equivalent to one standard deviation decrease in functional ability).
An effect size of one indicates a clinically meaningful change in magnitude equivalent to one standard deviation (SD).
A low level was defined as more than one standard deviation below the mean obtained in the study sample (X = 118.6), a moderate level corresponded to one standard deviation (SD = 15.5) either side of the mean, and a high level was equivalent to more than one standard deviation above the mean.
Childhood anaemia is associated with a decrease in score of one standard deviation in cognitive tests.
Similarly, a decrease of one standard deviation in the PFI (7.05) would also increase the annual growth rate of GDP per caput by 0.7%.
Cutler and Glaeser (1997) reported that a decrease in segregation by one standard deviation (13%) would eliminate one-third of the black white differences in education and employment.
Significance of this decrease was evaluated by one standard deviation of sampled changes in the rate of occurrence.
First, an increase of one standard deviation on "care dependency" is associated with a statistically significant decrease of 0.15 standard deviation in MCS (direct effect).
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