Therefore, activation of the UPR may also result in persistent activation of GSK3β and contribute further to the neurodegenerative process by resulting in a vicious cycle of sustained UPR activation/tau phosphorylation.
This cascade results in a self-perpetuating cycle of sustained chronic neuroinflammation that can drive neurodegeneration (eg, (69, 86)).
Therefore, targeting growth factor signaling may provide an additional approach to breaking the cycle of sustained synovitis in RA with the goal of restoring synovial homeostasis.
These activated T cells produce inflammatory mediators, such as IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-22, inducepidermalal hyperplasia and over-expression of key molecules, which may act with keratinocytes, DCs and dermal macrophages to sustain a cycle of inflammation leading to the psoriatic phenotype [9], [10], [11], [12].
Based on the present data a novel model of cellular heme toxicity is proposed, whereby proteasome inhibition by heme sustains a cycle of oxidative stress, protein modification, accumulation of damaged proteins and cell death.
(2) The appetitive form of aggression is rewarding in itself, it is perceived as appealing during the act of violence [ 8, 9] and thus can sustain itself in a cycle of positive feedback.
Their need to sustain ever-larger populations also set in motion a cycle of geographic expansion by means of conquest and war.
Cyclical downswing is a feature of an advanced stage of sustained growth rather than of the vicious cycle of poverty.
Acting defensive, therefore, is a cycle that sustains our fear rather than eliminating it.
While eradication requires abrupt interventions to break the cycle of transmission, sustained just long enough for the parasite to die out, learning to live with malaria means working to permanently sever the connections between mosquitoes and humans.
