Exact(5)
We are at a cusp point in medical generations.
The first and second region are separated by a Cusp point (CP) and it is found that between CP and Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcation point both Hopf and LP exist, due to presence of both DWOs and Ledinegg instability.
Continuing the LPC 1 curve in the same direction, we first find a cusp point CP 1 after which the curve ends in the generalized Hopf bifurcation GH 1.
Singularity theory tells us that the two fold curves F 1 and F 2 typically meet at a cusp point and end there, which means that the two sheets S 1 r and S 2 r merge into one in this region of the ( m SO, h SI ) -plane.
From single parameter continuation, it follows that stable asymmetric oscillations are bounded by LPC 3 and LPC 4. Continuation of LPC 3 yields a cusp point CP 3 and a 1 1-resonance bifurcation R 1 1-resonancehe bifurcationmes unstable.
Similar(55)
TB is the only one to present both a codim-3 cusp point and a codim-2 TB bifurcation (at which Hopf and saddle-homoclinic bifurcations coincide).
Following the LPC 1 curve at FF 2, we encounter another fold-flip bifurcation FF 3 and a cusp bifurcation CP 2. At this cusp point, the branch merges with LPC 2. The branch PD 3 does not undergo any bifurcation when continued for stronger inhibition.
Two partially overlapping 'triangles' corresponding with stability of fixed points (left), stability region for symmetric periodic solutions with a small area of bistability caused by cusp point CP 1 (middle), and region in parameter space where stable asymmetric periodic solutions exist (right).
b U1CP (the maxillary central incisal edge point), U1RP(the maxillary central incisors root apex point), U3CP (the maxillary canine cusp point), U3RP(the maxillary canine root apex point), and U6CP (the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal cusp point) were measured.
The effect of changes in the various parameters on the location of the cusp point is investigated.
The method can determine systematically all the cusp point singularities arising at the onset of bistability, and therefore identify the regions of hysteretic superelasticity and superplasticity from the usual geometrical nonlinearity in the solution space.
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