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From these pictures, we can observe that several plates of about 20 nm in thickness assemble in an almost parallel fashion and two groups of the parallel plates are joined vertically to form a cross-like structure; this cross-linked structure can be easily found in every particle from different directions in the low-magnification SEM image.
Laminin is a hetero-trimeric polypeptide and appears as a cross-like structure with a single central polypeptide A chain and two flanking polypeptide B chains, which turns outward at right angles.
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The center part of the cross-like structure exhibits the highest defect density.
The lattice fringes and the corresponding SAED pattern of the cross-like structure are shown in Figure 2f,g, respectively, which are indicated in Figure 2e with a red square.
The nucleolus is enlarged and elongated into two directions resulting in the cross-like structure visible in TEM sections (Braselton et al., 1975; Braselton, 2001).
With careful observation, some cross-like structures are very similar to the Bi2WO6octahedron, marked by arrowheads in Fig. 4b.
Since Cu has a high-symmetry cubic structure [23], we can assume that the reason for growing into four-fold hierarchical cross-like structures is because of the tetragonal-symmetry major core induced by the introduction of abundant Cu.
When the pH value is adjusted to 5.5, the 3D sphere-like Bi2WO6disappears and nonuniform microstructures with several cross-like structures built up by monolayer sheets are present, as shown in the inset of Fig. 4b.
The formation of CuO is significant to induce the usual ZnO hexagonal structures changing into four-folded cross-like structures, in good agreement with the growth mechanism we have proposed above.
Under the heating time of 30 min (Figure 2b), the homogenous cross-like structures have also been formed, growing with the length of the four-folded nanorods typically reduced to approximately 450 nm.
In the region of Au atoms away from the tooth, a special atomic structure of slip planes of (101) and with a cross-like shape was observed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com