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Accordingly, his act of corruption may well not have a corrupting effect on himself.
An action is corrupt only if it corrupts something or someone — so corruption is not only a moral concept, but also a causal or quasi-causal concept.[13] That is, an action is corrupt by virtue of having a corrupting effect on a person's moral character or on an institutional process or purpose.
The bribe corrupts the tendering process; and it will probably have a corrupting effect on the moral character of the bribe-taker.
But what the Roberts Court has done, with great determination, is to restrict the definition of corruption — to suggest, in effect, that money cannot possibly have a corrupting effect on our politics unless it is neatly stacked in bundles of unmarked Ben Franklins and handed to a government official in exchange for a no-bid contract.
If an action has a corrupting effect on a person's character, it will typically be corrosive of one or more of a person's virtues.
Introducing this market-based exchange, explained Socrates, had a corrupting effect on the teaching and learning process.
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The exception is that sub-class of corruptors who are: (a) corrupt, but not morally responsible for being so, and; (b) whose actions are an expression of their corrupted characters and also have a corrupting effect.
And there are those corruptors who are not responsible for their corrupt character, but whose actions are: (a) an expression of their corrupted character, and; (b) actions that have a corrupting effect.
A less straightforward case is the one where the action does have a corrupting effect.
ReprintsMr Pita-Barros also worries that structural aid may have a corrupting effect.
A factual record would show that unlimited independent expenditures can have a corrupting effect, without qualifying as quid-pro-quo bribery.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com