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Two main situations generate signals preventing automated translation into a correct nucleotide sequence.
At this juncture, DNA polymerase then inserts a correct nucleotide and DNA ligases seal the repaired DNA strand.
A correct nucleotide prediction was defined to be a nucleotide within a predicted coding region that is also within a coding region of the high-confidence set.
The addition of a correct nucleotide to the pol-P/T binary complex also resulted in an altered pattern of FRET efficiencies (M. Wood, unpublished results).
For SAS signals, the AdvISER-PYRO performance was compared with the percentage of correct identification obtained with the pyrosequencing data analysis software (Software V.2.1.1, Biotage AB, Sweden) and reflecting the translation into a correct nucleotide sequence.
Using a mutant enzyme that destabilizes the closed form suggests that the incorrect incoming nucleotide absolutely requires an active site nucleotide metal (sometimes termed metal B) for binding because the Watson Crick edge of the base does not participate in initial binding, in contrast to that of a correct nucleotide.
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For S-cdA, although nearly 1000-fold lefficientient relative to a template A, the correct nucleotide dTMP incorporation was preferred by Dpo4 (Table 6), but the efficiency of misincorporation was not significantly different from the correct nucleotide incorporation in that dGMP, dAMP, and dCMP incorporations were 53%, 29%, and 12%, respectively, as efficient as incorporation of dTMP.
In the structure of the pol λ precatalytic complex with a one-nucleotide gap DNA and a correct nonhydrolyzble nucleotide, all atoms required for catalysis are present at the active site.
Protein-DNA specific binding provides a mechanism to recognize correct nucleotide base pairs for sequence-specific identification.
To characterize the dynamics of conformational transitions employed by Dpo4 during correct nucleotide insertion, a solution containing a CPM-labeled Dpo4 mutant preincubated with DNAOH was rapidly mixed with the correct dTTP, and the CPM fluorescence was monitored upon excitation at 290 nm.
Interestingly, this difference in affinity was only observed for complementary nucleotide addition, suggesting that addition of the correct nucleotide induced a conformational change in the protein, and that the γ-phosphate plays a crucial role in this conformational change.
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