We present evidence that CAM is a continuous trait in P. afra and CAM is operating continuously at low levels during C3 photosynthesis which may explain the high variability in its carbon isotope composition.
Intraocular pressure (IOP), an important risk factor for glaucoma, is a continuous trait determined by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors that are largely unknown.
The NA was treated as a continuous trait in the statistical modeling.
For bivariate simulation, we simulated a binary trait and a continuous trait or two continuous traits.
Table 7 lists the gain of power by bivariate analysis for a binary trait and a continuous trait.
Salt sensitivity, i.e. the individual blood pressure reaction to a given change in salt intake is a continuous trait [4] and cut-off limits used to dichotomize the trait are arbitrary and have differed between studies.
Different patterns of gene interactions may produce further insights in the analysis of gene regulation structures; 2) this method can be not only applied to a binary trait, but also a continuous trait for gene interaction analyses.
Figure 1 displays the loss of power when the causal site contributes only to a binary trait (left panel) or only to a continuous trait (right panel), under the various population structures.
Hip dysplasia was measured by the Norberg angle (NA) which is a continuous trait ranging from ∼50° (a subluxated hip) to ∼120° (a phenotypically unaffected hip), see Figure S2 and Table S2 S3.
Although consistent with our observations for weight gain as a continuous trait, the interaction observed in the case-noncase analyses was only borderline significant after correcting for multiple testing (P = 0.002).
Thus, pitch sensitivity could be a continuous trait that affects cross-population variance with respect to the sensitivity to tone information; some speakers may carry alleles that make them relatively more sensitive to tone information; or, vice versa, Finnish speakers might carry alleles that make them less sensitive to tone information than speakers of tone languages.
