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Literacy is used as a continuous indicator of level of education in our analyses of criterion validity due to the close relation of these two constructs (OECD 2013a).
The predicted probabilities generated by the logistic model can be viewed as a continuous indicator to be compared with observed binary response variable.
Thus, an interesting future research direction would be to incorporate observed response times into the modelling of disengagement and define a continuous indicator for engagement rather than a single cut-off.
In this study, alcohol consumption was used as a continuous indicator of alcohol problem severity.
This suggests that when a continuous indicator has to be dichotomized for prediction or decision purposes, this should be the method used in medical research.
A continuous indicator was calculated as a sum of weekly metabolic equivalent (MET) -minutes per week of walking, moderate - and vigorous-intensity exercise.
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The Dempfle and Stute [ 24] estimator provides a flexible nonparametric approach for estimating a cut-off for a continuous risk indicator based on the argument of maximum risk difference between the dichotomized continuous risk indicator X and dichotomous outcome Y.
Charlson score was coded as a continuous ordinal indicator variable, and was included along with age as explanatory variables.
The cut-off corresponding to the Youden-Index is often applied in epidemiology and biomedical literature for dichotomizing a continuous risk indicator.
With the exception of age at menarche, which was modeled as a continuous variable, indicator variables were used to represent categories of menstrual cycle characteristics.
The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) plot is a widely used approach for determining the optimal cut-off for a continuous risk indicator X and a dichotomous disease outcome Y, in which the sensitivity is plotted against the 1-specificity.
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