In the other words, averaging the evaluated timing error by Gardner's TED over all the symbols of a burst provides an estimation of the constant timing delay.
Since the operations of starting the timer when the card is removed to allow the ball to roll and stopping it as the ball passes a mark are different, there is a possibility that, in addition to random timing errors, a systematic error appears in each measured value of t; that is to say, each measurement t is perhaps to be interpreted as t + t0, where t0 is an as-yet-unknown constant timing error.
The compression ignition engine tests were carried out at constant injection timing and constant ignition timing, and the spark ignition engine tests were conducted at a constant spark timing and a constant lambda value of 1.
The locus lies within a short (c. 50 kb) early constant timing region and is surrounded by two stretches replicated just before it (Fig 1C and Supplementary Fig S1B) (Sarkies et al., 2010).
While, constant timing delay without CS, yields a prominent DC component at DFT of u(k).
As shown in Fig. 5, after CS compensation when the stopping criteria, |q|<thr, is satisfied, a new loop is started to estimate the constant timing delay of μ.
Thus, nanodomain coupling at BC PC synapses may ensure constant timing of fast feedforward inhibition under a variety of network conditions.
CS elimination is not sufficient for timing recovery, since it is not able to recover the constant timing delay μ, which is represented as a DC component after CS elimination.
Constant timing delay is represented as DC component.
For both programs, the divergence times were calibrated (on the assumption of a constant molecular clock) against the timing of the divergences of the Zebra fish from the lineage leading to toads/lizards (421.75- 416 Mya), the toads from the lineage leading to lizards (350.1-330.4 Myand and Sphenodon punctatus from the lineage leading to other lizards (275 285 Mya).
