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As in the Simon School study, the students were given a constant sum question to indicate the importance weights of various attributes when choosing their business school.
Under these assumptions we can easily identify a luck-neutralizing distribution under the assumption of a constant sum of rewards in the following four-person case: This distribution neutralizes luck (not necessarily uniquely: there may be other luck-neutralizing distributions).
A power increase at the pilot subcarriers results in a more reliable channel estimate [1] which implies higher throughput; however, the power available for the data subcarriers is decreased given a constant sum power constraint.
Then setting a constant sum Σn xn = k and collecting sets of k-sequences, we sample from the conditional probability distribution <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004299.e001.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> K-sequences are sampled along the multichannel recording raster-plot on adjacent non-overlapping windows of variable duration (Fig. 1A).
The fourth section contained a constant sum question used for personal assessment of the treatment.
The integral values of each spectrum were normalized to a constant sum of all integrals [ 77]. Biochemical analysis of fecal extracts has been studied by several institutions because it is cost-effective and reflects biochemical changes of bowel disease.
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Poker, for example, is a constant-sum game because the combined wealth of the players remains constant, though its distribution shifts in the course of play.
Marketing researchers refer to this as a constant-sum question.
12 peaks were chosen from the chromatograms and their areas were recorded after baseline correction, square rooted and summed to a constant total in each chromatogram and used to monitor the process.
After preliminary testing, we decided to use an interactive form of constant sum exercise (also known as a "budget pie") which requires users to allocate a certain number of points (often 100) to each attribute in accordance with the relative importance of each.
In addition, a recent study in Paramecium shows that the maintenance or loss of protein-coding genes after whole-genome duplication is largely determined by dosage constraints (Gout and Lynch 2015), conforming to a model under which the expression level of individual duplicated genes can evolve neutrally as long as they maintain a roughly constant summed expression.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com