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In a multiplication verification paradigm, one might consider the correct multiplication result to be a high frequent neighbor of a consistent lure.
When a consistent lure is presented, the correct result is partially activated for two reasons: First, it receives activation from the problem.
Accordingly, a lure which has formal overlap with the correct result (i.e. a consistent lure) may be harder to reject than a lure without such formal overlap with this familiar neighbor (i.e. an inconsistent lure).
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Chances are good that those places with consistent lure placements are open to the public late.
On the other hand, consistent lures have a familiar neighbor (i.e. the correct result, sharing their decade digit) and inconsistent lures have no such familiar neighbor.
With respect to the LPC component, we found a more pronounced positivity for inconsistent than for consistent lures.
In fact, if the consistency effect is due to purely semantic interference without formal overlap (as is the case for the relatedness effect), then we should observe a more pronounced N400 for inconsistent compared to consistent lures, because the former are semantically less related to the correct result than the latter (for relatedness effects in the N400 component see [ 20, 22, 23]).
Therefore, formal similarities of consistent lures with the correct result in phonological or motor output (or its preparation) cannot explain our results.
With respect to the occurrence of a late positive component between 475 to 600 ms, not only unrelated conditions produced an enhanced positivity compared to related conditions (F (1; 23) = 52.704; MSe = 4.242; p <.001), but also inconsistent conditions compared to consistent lures (F (1; 23) = 4.767; MSe = 2.271; p <.04) (see Figures 2 and 3).
Behaviorally, we find that decade-consistent lures, which share their decade digit with the correct result (e.g. 36), are harder to reject than matched inconsistent lures, which differ in both digits from the correct result (e.g. 28).
Hence, we investigate whether decade-consistent lures (e.g. 8 × 4 = 36 or 37) are harder to reject than otherwise comparable inconsistent lures (e.g. 8 × 4 = 28 or 29).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com