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Nucleotides corresponding to each serine (S) residue were substituted to create a conservative alteration to alanine (A) or glutamic acid (E) with a site-directed mutagenesis kit (Clontech) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Nucleotides corresponding to 70, 87 serine (S) or 69 threonine (T) residue were substituted to create a conservative alteration to alanine (A) or glutamic acid (E) with a site-directed mutagenesis kit (Clontech, Beijing, China) and then modified by addition of the HA tag sequence at its NH2 terminus.
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For example, the 1 bp deletion in mouse and rat is within the noninformative bases of the M1+M2 motif and results in the second preferred spacing of 20 bp instead of the observed 21 bp in the other species in effect, a very conservative alteration.
Genomic alterations characterising each of the subgroups were identified by using a conservative modification of the Fisher's exact test with P ≤ 0.001, which was applied on the filtered dataset.
It is apparent that even the slightest conservative alteration (e.g. p6G →A and/or p8R →K) will have important consequences on the canonical TCR affinity, as shown in the T cell recognition results.
The TLR with more PSC in the TIR domain was TLR5 where three codons under selection were located within the highly conserved TIR domain and although amino acid alterations at codon 674 are conservative, alterations at codons 721 and 742 might induce differences in charge and polarity of the protein, respectively (Additional file 35, Table S35).
Though the predicted amino acid change is synonymous (T/T), recent work suggests that even conservative alterations may yield functionally unique outcomes [31].
We tentatively selected a two-fold (or greater/lesser) criteria (relative to control values) to be a conservative threshold for measuring alterations in gene expression.
Conversely, in low-risk PTC cases without any evidence of molecular alterations, a conservative approach and a preservation of the nerve are preferable.
This is because a Met to Val alteration is a conservative substitution, as indicated by a relatively low Grantham chemical difference score of 21, and occurs at a residue that is not evolutionarily conserved.
("Hundreds" is a conservative estimate, for collectors count minute alterations in a dispenser's shape or color as meaningful in ways others do not).
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