These observations make it difficult to determine whether behavioural specialisation by kleptoparasitic lineages on the domicile-building and gall-inducing thrips evolved as a consequence of either biotic or abiotic pressures.
Whether the differential regulation of gene expression described here occurred solely as a consequence of berry development, or in response to specific environmental, biotic or abiotic conditions requires further confirmation during other seasons and in different locations.
Studies in Arabidopsis and rice suggest that the kinase family has largely evolved as a response to biotic stress and has greatly expanded as a consequence of adaptation to fast-evolving pathogens (Hanada et al. 2008; Jacquemin et al. 2014).
Restricted geographic distributions of species are often a consequence of some set of constraints in terms of abiotic requirements, needs in terms of biotic interactions and limitations to dispersal ability (Soberón 2007).
This suggests that the presence of H2A.Z.7, and the other forms of carp H2A.Z, could be a consequence of WGD as a selective and important mechanism for eukaryote genome evolution in response to biotic and abiotic stress in carp.
A consequence of such genetic erosion is genetic uniformity, which may result in the loss of relevant traits, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
"Making together a consequence of America".
Beriberi is a consequence of thiamine deficiency.
These studies are becoming increasingly important to understand the consequences of biotic homogenization, where rapid changes in climatic conditions, human alteration of natural habitats and species introductions make natural barriers to organism's distribution more permeable [12] [14].
Beyond these few examples, however, we still know relatively little about the evolutionary consequences of biotic invasions (Strauss et al. 2006), especially in freshwaters, which are among the most heavily invaded ecosystems (Strayer 2010).
