Using a similar paradigm Hughes et al. [ 36] also found that time of preparation mattered: when subjects were in a more advanced preparation for voluntary action their response in a congruent reaction was indeed faster than with less advanced preparation.
Explanations for cross-taxon congruence based on common response to environmental conditions propose that the spatial concordance in diversity patterns is a consequence of the congruent response to environmental determinants [ 3, 56, 57].
Each individual subject responded with 1 foot for the congruent response and 1 foot for the incongruent response.
The key finding is that each stimulus selectively augments performance of the congruent response, i.e. the response that earns the same reinforcer as that signalled by the stimulus.
In our opinion, this high degree of readiness in the motor system is what actually leads to the StartReact phenomenon and may also explain the faster execution of the congruent response found by Hughes et al. [ 36], since at that point low intensity stimuli may behave as a startle-like inputs [ 26].
Affect congruent responses involved arm extension (avoidance) in response to angry faces and arm flexion (approach) in response to happy faces.
The computerised Stroop task for congruent responses, Go/No-Go test for missed go responses (see Takagi et al. 2011), and CogstateTM Identification task were used as measures of focused attention (see Hammers et al. 2011, 2012).
We interpret greater facilitation in participants with PD off medication for congruent responses as evidence of greater impulsivity.
There are two contexts of the high Arctic environment that might facilitate the extraordinary interspecific congruent responses.
This in turn must be answered by asking whether subjecting states and their treasuries to monetary liability at the insistence of private litigants is a congruent and proportional response to a demonstrated pattern of unconstitutional conduct by the states.
