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In particular, if people vaccinated with influenza vaccine consulted differently than the rest of the population for an influenza episode, because of comorbidities or because of a different propensity to seek care for example, this could be a confusion factor when estimating VE.
However, in the light of recent studies on hookah smoking and cancer, a confusion factor may not have been taken into account.
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Meanwhile, Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks, exemplifies the hopeless confusion factor.
California has also managed to import some of the grape's Old World confusion factor, since the state's wineries tend to label bottles "Pinot Grigio" or "Pinot Gris" based on whim rather than wine style.
Patients older than 65 years and younger than 18 years were excluded from the study to avoid immaturity/aging of the immune system as confusion factor in the analysis.
The third item is probably one of the more controversial in the sepsis field: choice of a clearly defined phenotype to avoid confusion factors.
To exclude pain intensity, which is a predicted confusion-factor, we used an ANCOVA to control the pain index, after testing for the non-heterogeneity of the variance with a Levene's test.
The strengths of our study include the following: its design is prospective, it studied the contacts of recent diagnosed TB patients with actual exposure to M. tuberculosis, seasonal sunlight variations occurred during the study, multivariate analysis was applied to control potential confusion factors and risk of exposure, and a valid technique was used to determine 25(OH D levels [ 50].
Besides, some authors have found a negative correlation between satisfaction with life and alexithymia, even by taking into account confusion factors such as depression and physical health perception, which shows a possibility of low satisfaction with life being associated with difficulties in emotional processing, as is the case in alexithymia sufferers [31].
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of surgical antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis on the prevention of early-onset postsurgical pneumonia (EOPP) using a logistic regression model that included the principal risk or confusion factors associated with incidence of early-onset postsurgical pneumonia.
A multivariate analysis (logistic regression) will be carried out to check for possible confusion factors that could distort o the real effect of the intervention on HH compliance.
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