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A confounding point in the study by Parvizi et al. (74) was the use of systemic antibiotics in combination with antibiotic cement, which made it difficult to determine which of these had an effect on the infection rate.
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In a Korean study MPV had a significant positive relationship with FPG after adjusting for diabetes in women as a confounding factor pointing out a gender specifity.
Different code distributions for the five ADE categories of Germany's ICD-10-GM and England's ICD-10 and the USA's ICD-9-CM suggest classification differences as a possible reason for confounding, pointing out the value of explicitly addressing ADEs in the development of ICD-11.
This fact potentially confounds point comparisons of resistance rates since a marked increase in resistance can result from testing a preponderance of upper respiratory isolates, rather than reflecting a true increase in the burden of resistant pneumococci.
When trying to assess sensitivity from such analytical methods, a confounding factor up to this point has been the presence of linkage disequilibrium (LD).
Thus, the results from Experiment 2 reinforce the conclusion suggested by Experiment 1, that the large difference in the uncertainty effect observed for pointing movements versus keypress movements does not appear to be attributable to a confounding of the use of pointing movements and the use of abrupt-onset indicator stimuli at the location of the movement target.
In other words, attrition between points of data collection does not appear to be a confounding factor.
They're a confounding cohort.
Stellar density as a confounding variable.
The energy crisis is a confounding challenge.
There is, however, a confounding observation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com