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We prepared a conditioned medium of macrophage cell line, RAW264, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h; (hereafter, CM-LPS. A conditioned medium from unstimulated RAW264 cells was used as the control (CM-LPS.
Pavlov had introduced the term to describe the weakening of a conditioned reflex when a conditioned stimulus was not followed by reinforcement [76].
In other words, the pill has become a conditioned stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response which is placebo effect.
For instance, freezing is a conditioned response to fear in two-way signaled active avoidance conditioning (2-AA).
It is a conditioned reflex.
(Grayling mistakenly credits Descartes with the first known observation of a conditioned reflex, in 1630.
Perhaps the most common example of a conditioned reinforcer is money.
The dog's salivation at the sound of the bell alone is called a conditioned response.
It is a conditioned and unconscious reflex; part of the package of social skills that secures our survival.
Eating becomes a conditioned response to waking, working better than any sleeping pill, the Pennsylvania specialists explained.
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We have only a '… conditioned freedom, rooted in the organism and the biography of the individual'.
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