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Membrane filtration involves simple migration resulting from a concentration difference on the two sides of the membrane.
A local Sh can also be introduced based on a concentration difference close to the active particle.
The difference between the Li chemical potential in the surface and bulk phases of the cathode particle results in a concentration difference between these two phases.
Second, dissolved gas in water diffuses because of a concentration difference.
The repeated extraction of mature cells could lead to more intracellular pigment secretion when a concentration difference exists between intracellular and extracellular pigments (Fig. 3a).
The six-sided stars that were grown in Figure 2 looked very similar to lead (II) sulphide (PbS) stars that were grown by a concentration difference and gradient (CDG) technique [20].
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A co-current hydraulic flow mode is common practice in ED but the approach can result in a high concentration difference between concentrate and diluate in the final stacks, which is disadvantageous.
Response time is the average time required for the electrodes to reach a potential response within ±1 mV of the final equilibrium value, after successive immersions in a series of testing solutions, each having a tenfold concentration difference.
There is also an effect that is the inverse of thermal diffusion, called the diffusion thermoeffect, in which an imposed concentration difference causes a temperature difference to develop.
Pumping protons out of the mitochondria creates a proton concentration difference across the membrane and generates an electrochemical gradient.
The energy storage capacity of the MEA was a minimum of 25% greater than that of a traditional concentration difference energy accumulator.
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