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Although the P h unloading relationship for a cone indentation is apparently non-quadratic [P=α(h−hr m; m<2.0], it is emphasized from the geometrical similarity of cone indentation that the unloading process conforms to a quadratic relation [P=k2(hrhr)2; hr is the residual depth of impression after a complete unload] in its essential physical process.
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After 300 days of the loading process start, the structure is subjected to a complete unloading process.
The difference between the contact area under load and the residual projected area of an indentation after complete unloading has been studied for various materials using finite element and dimensional analyses of cone indentation.
In this paper a theory of pseudo-elasticity is used to model loading, partial or complete unloading and the subsequent reloading and unloading of reinforced rubber.
Analytical dimensionless expressions are presented for the unloading load deformation relation, the residual interference and the residual curvature of the sphere after complete unloading.
Furthermore, examination of the microscale behavior from simulated results revealed a connection between the level of interparticle cohesion and the corresponding level of residual wall stress of powder compacts after complete unloading in die compaction.
For progressive failure analyses, the complete unloading model associated with the maximum stress criteria is used for post-failure stiffness degradation.
The cyclic nanoindentation tests were performed in a way with loading to the maximum load and unloading by 90%; reloading to the maximum load and unloading by 9%; holding for 10 s at 10% of the maximum load for thermal drift correction and complete unloading, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
The size of a pop-out depends on the time it takes place (earlier and later), and its location alters the proportion of the transferred phases (amorphous and crystalline phases) after complete unloading.
It is noted that in each cycle, the indenter was hold for 30 s at 10% of its previous maximum load for thermal drift correction and for assuring that complete unloading was achieved.
The analysis of indentation of plastically graded substrates by sharp indentors provide the load-penetration response, as well as the strains and stresses inside the substrate, at maximum loading and at complete unloading.
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