where z(t) is the (complex-valued) input signal, ζ (t) is the output, μ and τ are positive rate and time constant parameters, respectively, and F ̃ α ( z ) is a comparator function with the resolution (linear range) parameter α.
were z(t) is the (complex-valued) input signal, ζ(t) is the output, μ and τ are positive rate parameter and time constant, respectively, and F ̃ α ( z ) is a comparator function with the resolution (linear range) parameter α.
Predicated on the on the notion that interoceptive information has greater salience when processing ambiguous (rather than intrinsically arousing) stimuli, we hypothesised that this would enable us to test for a comparator function of insula cortex in responding to mismatches in cognitive and interoceptive representations of physiological state, even at conditions of low bodily arousal.
This sigmoid function can implement both a sharp V right > V left) comparator function when β is large, as well as a more stochastic choice when β is small.
For a particular differential over-limiter (DoL), the comparator function can be defined as F ̃ α ( z ) = z | z | F ̃ α ( | z | ) = z | z | | z | α for | z | < α α | z | otherwise.
The elements in the array must already be ordered in ascending order according to the client's comparator function.
In this study, the following comparator function was used: F ̃ α ( z ) = z z F ̃ α z = z z z α for z < α 1 otherwise.
and the relationship between the variable time parameter τ ̃ ( | z | ) and the comparator function F ̃ α ( | z | ) can be expressed as follows: τ ̃ ( | z | ) = τ | z | α 1 F ̃ α ( | z | ).
The last argument is a function pointer to a standard comparator callback function.
Additionally, no allergen 'vehicle' provocation was conducted as a comparator for normal lung function over the period of the allergen challenge, nor was a challenge conducted after a shorter period of dosing (e.g., 1 day), which could have determined whether the bronchoprotection afforded by FF/VI is immediate or cumulative.
We employ this concept to design various RNA sets, each of which contains three RNA strands that altogether function like a comparator device.
