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Our model with a simple linear gene cascade and cell-cell communication by signalling factors reproduces the main characteristics of a community effect, that is, (1) it requires many cells, (2) cells in the community must be near each other, and (3) the gene expressions for the community effect becomes self-sustaining after the initial transient induction.
The pioneering experimental work by Gurdon et al. [ 2- 4] and the recent theoretical work by Bolouri and Davidson [ 8] have suggested that the feedback cycle of cell-cell communication by diffusible signalling proteins and their self-induction is essential for a community effect.
"I think it's a community effect," he said.
There is a community effect: you are more likely to be overweight if your friends and neighbours are and you see it as the norm.
Individual protection from house spraying was not seen in Malawi but there was a community effect at medium spray coverage levels (>50%).
For example, wild type <-> scrambler chimeras reveal a community effect wherein Purkinje cells with defective Reelin signaling negatively influence the dispersal of wild type cells [61].
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In zebrafish, when the Nodal pathway is compromised, only about 60 cells still ingress instead of the ∼2500 that normally do (Keller et al., 2008), consistent with a community-effect mediated by Nodal being conserved in vertebrates.
A positive random (community) effect indicates an increased proportion of large for gestational age births in a community; see the Appendix.
Of substantial importance is the finding that three of the communities had a large positive community effect even after controlling for identified risk factors.
In this work, we propose a model of the community effect in development, which consists in a linear gene cascade and cell-cell communication.
This will help to reduce the incidence directly in those young children as well as indirectly as a result of herd community effect.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com