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The main consequence is an increased duration of mechanical ventilation, which is now a common surrogate marker of oversedation.
Black carbon is a correlate of traffic-related combustion products, and a common surrogate for traffic particles in general, weighted toward diesel particles.
Although bone properties measured with DXA is a common surrogate of bone strength, other methods of bone strength evaluation are possible to use.
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Trials addressing distraction osteogenesis are not shown as they did not report any functional outcomes or any common surrogate end point.
Importantly, our lifetime RS data allowed us to measure natural selection directly rather than using a common fitness surrogate such as survival or number of juvenile offspring.
In this paper, a comprehensive and state-of-the art survey on common surrogate modeling techniques and surrogate-based optimization methods is given, with an emphasis on models selection and validation, dimensionality reduction, sensitivity analyses, constraints handling or infill and stopping criteria.
The coupling between two scales are performed in real time unlike using common surrogate based models for microscale.
Examples of common surrogate indicators include blood pressure, body mass index and blood glucose levels.
The most common surrogate is Mn2+ that can replace magnesium in the majority of enzymes where ATP-Mg is used as a substrate [ 5].
Second, most studies in this review used common surrogate outcome measures, such as prescribing rates or proportions of patients achieving specific medication use practices.
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), representing ∼90% of the adipocyte's mass(176) and forming the lipoprotein cores, lack structural similarity to common surrogate molecules: alkanes miss the hydrogen-bond acceptor abilities of the TAG ester carbonyls, 1-octanol has a surplus hydrogen-bond donor function, and DAcPC features additional charged groups.
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