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The descending colon was not ischemic, which implied that the sigmoid artery assumed the role as a collateral artery.
Furthermore, a collateral artery from the right anterior hepatic artery to the right posterior hepatic artery was observed (Fig. 3).
The absence of the LCA, which could be a collateral artery of the transverse colon, may contribute to this rare case of ischemia localized in the transverse colon.
The right posterior hepatic artery is disrupted at the hepatic hilum (a red arrow), and there is a collateral artery (a yellow arrow) from the right anterior hepatic artery to the right posterior hepatic artery.
Finally, pre-specified subgroup analyses were performed in patients with haemodynamic stage 1 or 2 at presentation and between patients who were randomised to treatment with surgery or stenting of a stenosis in a collateral artery (excluding those who had tapering of antihypertensive medication) and those who received standard medical treatment.
The eight patients treated with surgery or stenting of a stenosis in a collateral artery had a mean CBF of 30.8 ± 5.4 mL/min/100 mL at baseline and 31.8 ± 5.2 mL/min/100 mL after 3 months (mean difference 0.97, 95% CI −4.6 to 6.6).
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In harvested adductor muscle tissue, we found a significantly increased collateral artery diameter at day 7 and 14 post ligation.
Subsequently, the increased flow generates a dramatic rise in collateral artery wall shear stress, which again alters endothelial gene expression (Pipp et al., 2004).
We found a significant increase in mean collateral artery diameter at day 7 and day 14 post ligation while collateral artery diameter of the contralateral control limb remained stable over time (Fig. 4c).
The discovery of such an intermediate progenitor could identify a cell type that could aid collateral artery formation during disease.
Stimulation of collateral artery growth is a promising therapeutic option for patients with coronary artery disease.
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