Since a spatially coherent variation in the GPS time series may not be caused by crustal deformation alone, it may be a good idea to run the NSF to obtain the space-time variation of the signal prior to running the NIF.
Instead, we introduce a higher-level latent variable, Z ∈ R K × N, to represent the coherent variation within a group of compounds.
We deviate from the formulation of the earlier work and do not let the covariate effects, α, operate directly on the latent variable, X lat, which represents the coherent variation within a cluster of peaks.
If we group the beamforming results as a function of the month of the year, we observe a coherent annual variation of ±5°, which is probably related to small seasonal variations in the location of the noise sources in the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 3, bottom).
Further examination reveals that the coherence between QBO and the faster mode is significantly influenced by their common coherent variation with the solar flux, while high coherence between the slower mode and ENSO is much less contaminated.
And what you can see on the left here, is that it does an actually, pretty good job of capturing certain coherent certain patterns of coherent variation among the features.
The book demonstrates that physiological responses are not only characterized by substantial temporal variation, but also shows coherent variation across several spatial scales.
And one possible problem with this sort of this kind of clustering approach, is that is tries to pick clusters, such that it captures the coherent variation of all features.
