These AHLs are generated by an autoinducer synthase, the product of a luxI type gene, and the receptor is a cognate luxR type protein.
Unlike the versatile immunity proteins, these tend to strongly conserve an interface that facilitates a very specific interaction with their cognate type of toxin.
The interaction of GnRH with its cognate type I receptor (GnRHR) in pituitary gonadotropes results in the activation of Gq/G11, phospholipase Cβ (PLCβI), PLA2, and PLD.
The identity of the type 1 receptors (ALK1 or ALK5) that engage the ligand and its cognate type 2 receptor helps determine whether downstream TGF-β signaling occurs via the pSMAD1/5/8 pathway (ALK1) that promotes cell migration and proliferation or the pSMAD2/3 pathway (ALK5), which is associated with cell differentiation (Seghers et al., 2012).
To inhibit self-intoxication, cognate type VI secretion immunity proteins (Tsi) are produced and localized to the cellular compartment that contains the target of the corresponding effector (Russell et al., 2013; Benz and Meinhart, 2014; Durand et al., 2014; Russell et al., 2014a).
The finding that TβRII-AS RNA expression appears to have less effect on both spontaneous and Neu-induced tumor formation, as compared with dnTβRII expression, may indicate that the dnTβRII blocks signaling from other TGF-β superfamily members by interacting with the cognate type I receptors for these ligands.
Because Edn1 functions through its cognate type-A receptor Ednra, Ednra can be considered a key regulator in pharyngeal development (Nair et al., 2007).
Type II MTases are often associated with a cognate restriction endonucleases making up type II R-Ms in lactococcal strains which play an important role in protecting these strains from phage infection [ 22].
This character cheng is a cognate for and ultimately derived from the term cheng, to rectify.
Type 1 interferons (IFN) protect the host against viruses by engaging a cognate receptor (consisting of IFNAR1/IFNAR2 chains) and inducing downstream signaling and gene expression.
The wild-type or miRE mutant version of each candidate reporter was co-transfected into HEK293 cells with a cognate miRNA mimic.
