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OsBgal7 (Rice genome project locus Os02g0219200) and OsBgal2 (Os06g0573600) are located on a chromosomal segment duplicated between chromosomes 2 and 6, while OsBgal10 (Os08g0549200) and OsBgal11 (Os09g0539200) are located on segments duplicated between chromosomes 8 and 9.
Whole chromosome changes were assigned to chromosomes without identified breakpoints if a chromosomal segment mapped to a gain or a loss level.
Changes in the structure of chromosomes may occur by inversion, when a chromosomal segment rotates 180 degrees within the same location; by duplication, when a segment is added; by deletion, when a segment is lost; or by translocation, when a segment changes from one location to another in the same or a different chromosome.
NIL qcd11 carry a chromosomal segment from "Kasalath" containing qcd11 on chromosome 11.
A duplication is caused by the gain of a copy of a chromosomal segment at the original location on the chromosome.
NIL qcd4-1, NIL qcd4-2, aNILNIL qcd4-1,2 carry a chromosomal segment from "Kasalath" containing qcd4-1, qcd4-2, and both QTLs, respectively, on chromosome 4 in the "Nipponbare" genetic background.
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One current definition of a gene is "a complete chromosomal segment responsible making a functional product" [ 52].
Traditionally, hundreds of genetic markers (e.g. RFLPs, AFLPs, SNPs [ 20- 22]) that are evenly distributed over the genome are tested in simple or multiplexed assays to roughly map the mutation to a chromosome or chromosomal segment.
Nevertheless, the overall pattern of genes in the regions flanking the four Hox clusters clearly shows that the quadruplication encompasses a major chromosomal segment, probably a complete ancestral chromosome.
CSSL is a novel mapping population that carries a specific chromosomal segment from a donor line in the genetic background of the recurrent line.
Other computation simulations have also conceived a large chromosomal segment modeling an entire genome (Chadeau-Hyam et al. 2008; Kiezun et al. 2013).
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