The pairs of application forms were judged by 96 assessors, 48 of whom looked at Book 1 and 48 looked at Book 2. A chance null hypothesis predicts that random guessing would result in an assessor making an average of 10 correct judgements out of 20 (50%).
Here the conclusion is not (as such) that probably theism is true, but rather that theism is much better supported by these phenomena than the chance hypothesis is (Swinburne 2003; Collins 1999).
These arguments take several versions; perhaps the most successful versions argue that the epistemic probability of these fine-tuning phenomena on theism is much greater than their epistemic probability on the atheistic chance hypothesis.
Furthermore, given quality, competition should reduce survival chance: (hypothesis H2).
This is in contrast to cases of mere balance where few propositions that are evidence for $H$ are fully believed, or where probability is spread out over a number of chance hypotheses.
Once finished, the bootstrapped distribution of the number of overlaps allows calculating a bootstrapped P-value for the observed number of overlaps under the null (the observed number of overlaps is not larger than that expected by chance) and the alternative (the observed number of overlaps is larger than that expected by chance) hypotheses.
If other explanations are proven extremely unlikely, then the play-of-chance hypothesis looks good.
This result rules out the enrichment-by-chance hypothesis and suggests the high level of overlap in GO annotation categories across the WBC and OO.
"My attitude is, let's give the strong artificial life hypothesis a chance," said Richard Gordon, a radiologist at the University of Manitoba, who has written widely on the subject and is an adviser to the project.
Ms. Bedi said Team Anna was determined to prove that the electorate is more interested in good governance than the traditional divisive politics of caste, religion and regionalism, and Hisar was a chance to test their hypothesis.
Here was a chance to put that hypothesis to the test.
