First, the number of bits to be embedded in a certain coefficient is adaptive.
When the calculated separation efficiency of cyclone showed a good agreement with the experimental result using a certain coefficient of restitution, it was adopted.
We construct a SNP-based proxy for pedigree by applying a threshold to the genome-wide IBS similarity matrix and setting relationships smaller than the threshold to zero, thus only retaining relationships above a certain coefficient of relatedness.
The next lemma shows that the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral and derivative of the power functions yield power functions multiplied by certain coefficients and with the order of the fractional derivative added or subtracted from the power.
We consider a specific drug that corresponds to a certain diffusion coefficient and parameter η.
Computed statistical power for the reading (a) and spelling (b) analyses, given a certain β-coefficient and minor allele frequency (MAF) and assuming a sample size of 500 participants.
In the isothermal feeding regime in particular, due to some possible values that can be taken by a certain thermodynamic coefficient, high and non-linear frequency responses may appear in the system.
We show that a structured population with two subpopulations, whose inbreeding coefficients are ρ1 and ρ2, has expected allele and genotype frequencies identical to those of an unstructured population with a certain inbreeding coefficient ρ* higher than ρ1 and ρ2.
These shape functions produce a high percentage of zeros in certain coefficient matrices.
Therefore, we test this hypothesis by examining if the migration is explained by a parabolic curve fitting with a certain diffusion coefficient.
