Sentence examples for a causative construction from inspiring English sources

Furthermore, Holmer observes that the extraction patterns in a ditransitive construction can also be found in a causative construction.

The morpheme 讓 rang is used most commonly in a causative construction, but 令 lìng is used more often in lexicalized causatives.

It will be clear in the next section that Mandarin lacks Stimulus-subject EPs and constantly resorts to a causative construction when the subject switches to a Stimulus.    .

This wisdom is fully realized in Mandarin, since the Mandarin way to obtain a Stimulus-subject expression is overtly causative, with syntactically marked with a causative construction or morphologically marked with a semi-lexicalized causative, both with a causative marker, as adequately illustrated in previous discussions.

In Mandarin, the Exp-subject predicates are used more readily in the unmarked stative construction, while most Stimulus-subject predicates are derived with a causative construction that is overtly marked with a causative marker, represented with a simple contrast as below: (65) Unmarked stative construction with Experiencer-subject: a. Intransitive: 我很快樂 [wo]Exp hen kuaile  I'm happy.

And when the subject shifts to a Stimulus, an overt causative construction is used, with a causative marker 讓 rang, 令 ling, 使 shi, or 叫 jiao, in the pattern [Stim-CAU-Exp-DEG-V].

And, it will be clear that Stimulus-subject predication in Mandarin essentially involves finer distinctions of causal relation, since it is overtly expressed with a marked causative construction (Stimulus as causer).

Causative uses of 討厭 taoyan with Stimulus-subject: a. in causative construction: Stim讓Exp很討厭 [zhe-ben__shu]Stim__rang__ta__hen__taoyan this-CL__book__CAU__3p.sg__DEG__detest This book annoys him.

Normally, only Experiencer-subject verbs occur in the construction when adding an argument of Stimulus-causer, but 麻煩 mafan may be an exception: (56) Causative construction with Stimulus-subject verb 麻煩 mafan "troublesome" 這件事讓您麻煩了 zhe-jian__shi[Stim]__rang__nin[Experiencer]__mafan[Stim-subj V]__le this-CL__matter__CAU__2p.sg.H__trouble__PRF The matter has caused you to be toiled.  .

The unique usage appears to illustrate an interesting case of constructional pragmatics in that the Stimulus-headed causative construction, with a redundant Stimulus-subject verb, is loaded with pragmatic inference for indirectness and extra-politeness.

There are two unique features that set it apart from constructional causative, i.e., a full-fledged, referentially specified causative construction.