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It strengthens the view that neural induction involves a cascade of sequential events, marked by genes deployed in a characteristic temporal sequence.
Extensive studies of pre-TCR and TCR-dependent signaling have led to characterization of a pathway deemed essential for efficient T cell development, and comprised of a cascade of sequential events involving phosphorylation of Lck and ZAP-70, followed by phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76, and subsequent additional downstream events.
The Ras-MAPK pathway features a cascade of sequential kinase phosphorylations/activations from RAF to ERK.
For RF to cause or exacerbate disease in humans, the RF electric fields would have to trigger an initial transduction step, and then also begin a cascade of sequential steps that leads to a disease outcome.
The PMTCT programme is complex as it builds on a cascade of sequential interventions that should take place to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV: starting with antenatal care (ANC), HIV testing, and ARVs for the woman and the baby.
As the MAPK pathway is essentially a cascade of sequential interactions [ 43], weighting its nodes by out-largest reach renders it insignificant, whereas weighting by in-largest reach, which gives larger weight to the downstream nodes, marks the pathway as significant.
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Metastasis is a cascade of linked sequential steps involving multiple host- tumor interactions.
The RAAS is a coordinated cascade of sequential enzymatic steps, the first of which is the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney.
The cell cycle progression depends on a cascade of enzymes by sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) [ 18].
This process brings Ras into proximity to growth factor receptors and coupling proteins allowing for activation of a cascade of phosphorylation events through sequential activation of the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway, which is critical for cell survival, and the Raf/Mek/Erk kinase pathway, which has been implicated in cell proliferation (Haluska et al, 2002).
In this study, we demonstrated that ET-1 stimulated an ETB receptor-dependent cascade of sequential ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which contributes to induction of COX-2 protein and mRNA levels, promoter activity, and PGE2 release.
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