The phrase "a bystander effect" is not correct; it should be "the bystander effect." You can use it when discussing a social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.
Example: "During the emergency, the bystander effect was evident as no one stepped forward to assist the injured person."
Alternatives: "the bystander phenomenon" or "the bystander intervention effect."
Given the fact that current gene transfer technologies do not allow transduction of all tumour cells, a bystander effect is warranted to achieve effective kill of untransduced tumour cells.
Kovtun et al have shown that SPDB-DM4, ADC with the disulfide linker, has a "bystander" effect, 70 where antigen-positive and antigen-negative tumor cells are effectively killed.
However, our study did not fully elucidate whether a bystander effect actually affects the elimination of hiPSCs in this study.
In other instances, one infection can stimulate the immune system leading to a bystander effect that may block or decrease other potential infections.
Dilmanian, F. A. et al. Tissue-sparing effect of x-ray microplanar beams particularly in the CNS: Is a bystander effect involved?
A bystander effect was observed in co-cultures of MSCs-TK and U87 glioma cells by GCV in a dose-dependent manner.
This mechanism links the oxidative physiology of E faecalis to propagation of genomic instability through a bystander effect, and offers a novel theory for the role of commensal bacteria in the etiology of sporadic colorectal cancer.
Ex vivo and in vivo investigations showed that MSCs expressing CYP2B6TM-RED were able 1) to bioactivate CPA and produce local cytotoxic metabolites in tumor sites and 2) to destroy neighboring tumor cells through a bystander effect.
The close contact of AAbs/AQP4 positive processes with oligodendrocytes and myelin tracts suggest that a bystander effect of AAbs-damaged astrocytes on oligodendrocytes might occur in the nervous tissues affected by autoimmune optic neuropathy.
These results could be explained by a bystander effect, with regulation (activation and/or repression) of a substantial number of genes at lower absorbed doses with origin in non-irradiated cells.
The occupants of the other two chairs (also actors) did not volunteer their seats for the person in pain, creating a "bystander effect" that could encourage the participant not to help because the other people present weren't helping.
