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We sampled vegetation and soils on 75 randomly located 0.05 ha plots across a broad soil gradient within a 110,000 ha ponderosa pine forest landscape in northern Arizona to evaluate this hypothesis.
Water-withholding treatments led to a significant change in soil relative water content (SRWC, F = 287.066, P < 0.001), and a significant linear decrease in SRWC with decreased irrigation water amount (Y = -12.740× + 91.565), indicating water treatments can bring about a broad soil moisture gradient.
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Between these two broad soil zones lies a transitional zone the forest-steppe zone, where forest soils merge gradually with steppe soils.
The large area in which 161 free-to-swell undisturbed samples were obtained for this research represents a major part of the Swiss agricultural land and belongs to one broad soil group (Cambi-Luvisols).
Six broad soil regions may be described: (1) The flatwood lowland soils form the largest soil region in Florida, which corresponds to the coastal lowlands.
National- and continental-scale soil geochemical datasets are likely to move our understanding of broad soil geochemistry patterns forward significantly.
At the sub-catchment level the k = 11 classes also match broad soil mapping units and also elucidate subtle differences of the alluvial lands which characterise the agriculturally significant parts of the lower Namoi valley.
It is considered mesophytic and occupies a broad range of soil types, including clay soils and bogs (Carlson et al. 2002; Yang et al. 1996).
It is an agricultural general use pesticide used primarily as a broad spectrum preplant soil fumigant to control weeds, weed seeds, fungi, nematodes, and soil insects.
In the present study, which utilized a broad range of soil water status, the responses of plant functions including growth and photosynthetic potential to soil water status, showed the patterns with photosynthetic capacity peaks at moderate soil water availability but declines under severe drought and excessive moisture, as well as differences between a perennial rhizome grass and a bunchgrass.
Following Wood and Johnson (1978) two broad soil-forming processes can be recognised – horizonation, represented here by the deposition of a layer of volcanic ash, and homogenization, pedoturbation or soil mixing produced by subsequent burial of the tephra layer.
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