These pathways include those identified in the canonical pathway analysis (cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and LPS-stimulated MAP kinase signaling) as well as the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and a broader pathway of endothelial barrier integrity that includes VEGF signaling.
In spite of the complex genetic architecture, these discoveries demonstrate that a broad array of pathways underlies the genetic heterogeneity of SSc, including innate immunity pathways (Toll-like receptor, interferon, DNA clearance during apoptosis), adaptive immunity pathways [interleukin (IL -12], and fIL -12] pandways.
Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that a short term fast impacted expression of genes in a broad selection of pathways related to metabolism, signaling and adipogenesis.
Secondly, TP is a database for static pathway models and generates a static drawing with a high level of abstraction, which is useful in providing a broad overview of pathways; moreover, this representation style is familiar to biologists.
Pathway analysis revealed a broad range of affected pathways, consistent with current mechanistic theories.
Metabolites within a broad range of pathways contributed to the differentiation of healthy from diseased individuals, as well as between disease phenotypes (Fig. 2A, Table 1).
Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis IPAA) [ 7] and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) [ 8], we identified a broad range of pathways and gene families with significant responses to induction of genotoxic DNA damage.
In addition, a substantial number of persistent and recurrent SNPs, and clusters of co-occurring SNPs, implicate a broad range of pathways and functions that likely provide some growth advantage in the presence of the complex selective pressures found in the host.
The antisense transcripts map to a broad range of biochemical/metabolic pathways, especially pathways pertaining to the central carbon metabolism and stress related pathways.
In this review, we highlight the chemical themes that underlie a broad range of plant pathways, dividing pathways into two parts: scaffold-generating steps that draw on a limited set of chemistries, and tailoring reactions that produce a wide range of end products from a small number of common scaffolds.
