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By applying buffer analysis in the geographic information system (GIS) software ArcView GIS 3.2 (ESRI, 1999), we buffered each of the protected areas into three zones, a core area ∼8 km (1 pixel of NDVI) inside the perimeter, a boundary area between ∼8 km within and ∼8 km outside the perimeter, and a surrounding area between ∼8 and ∼24 km outside the perimeter (Fig. 1a).
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In Fig. 7b, the island-like film mentioned above can be observed on the left side of the AlN NW, and a magnified image of the boundary area between the NW and the film is shown in Fig. 7c.
The thermal and mechanical energy concentrates at the boundary area between the competent and incompetent layers.
The grain boundary area between the ZnO seeds increased and lead to the formation of larger AuNPs when the ZnO seed size increased.
Arctic cod is taken from the boundary area between Russia and Norway; the Barents Sea is fished under annual agreements with Russia for cod, haddock and capelin.
In addition, another region of high PTEN expression was in the boundary area between the area opaca and pellucida at caudal end of the embryo (Fig. 1A).
The PLA method demonstrated association of active caspase-14 and ICAD at the boundary area between the granular layer and the cornified layer, where nuclear loss takes place.
The resultant high tissue stress in these atelectatic zones, and especially in the boundary areas between collapsed and open lung areas, can trigger a local inflammatory response and injure the alveolar capillary membrane [3].
Nanometer-scale carbonitride particles are used, but rather than being evenly dispersed, they migrate to specific vulnerable regions -- boundary areas between other elements of the matrix.
This is of interest as humans and susceptible species are more likely to come into contact in transitional areas (e.g., boundary areas between areas of highly suitable susceptible species habitat and areas heavily utilised by humans).
On the other hand, the cost should be high, when the path crosses a boundary between areas marked with different scribbles.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com