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For example, a bidirectional exchange of sRNAs via extracellular vesicles has been observed between the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea and Arabidopsis, by which the fungal pathogen suppresses the plant immune response12 and the plant suppresses virulence of the pathogen13.
Chin will oversee the development of the new joint program, which creates a pathway from device design at EPFL to clinical testing at HMS and builds a bidirectional exchange for students and researchers from the two institutions.
The urine compartment in the adult FDG model was modified to represent the kidneys, and a bidirectional exchange with the plasma was added.
During tissue repair and wound healing such exosomal transport allows a bidirectional exchange of miRs between injured cells and MSC.
The interaction between antigen-presenting cells (APCs), like dendritic cells and macrophages, and T cells is characterized by a bidirectional exchange of signals that can result in activation and maturation of effector T lymphocytes [ 24].
We remark that, while STI-GMaS has made headway in making computational models more accessible, a true bridging of disciplines would benefit greatly from a bidirectional exchange of information.
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In a general sense a dynamic and bidirectional exchange between the metabolic status of the cell generated by mitochondria and genetic profile of a cell will provide a better understanding of metabolites and unexplored signaling mechanisms.
The brain and the blood stream are in a constant state of bidirectional exchange of cells and macromolecules in order to maintain brain integrity and homeostasis and to allow for repair by immune cells upon injury [ 1].
This cooperative bidirectional exchange occurs over a period of a few days and appears to be related to the behaviour and possibly fitness of the individuals involved in the network.
NPCs are large protein complexes that contribute to the diffusion barrier of the NE and act as a regulatory gateway for the bidirectional exchange of proteins, RNA, and ribonucleoprotein complexes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (for review, see Wente and Rout 2010).
In a time of global austerity there is a growing appreciation of the need for bidirectional exchange of ideas to be the new adage of global dialogue.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com