This might be explained by a significant effect of the baseline (control) value covariate on pCO2.
This observation was particularly true for genes re-expressed by 5-aza-dC treatment; in that case, the denominator in the microarray experiment (baseline, control value) is essentially zero (the gene is called "Absent") so the exact fold change calculated from microarray data is not meaningful or accurate.
After completion of surgical preparation, a 30-minute stabilization period was allowed to elapse before baseline control values were collected (time point: baseline, B).
Values of %ID/cm3 within each region and time point following cerebral ischemia were averaged and compared with the averaged baseline control values at days 0 and 7 using a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests for post hoc analysis.
Although these scaffolds demonstrated an initial pro-inflammatory response, levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α returned to baseline control values at either 2 or 4 weeks post-implantation demonstrating long term compatibility for growth factor delivery via gene therapy.
Changes in [Ca2+]c were expressed as ratios (F/ F0 or Δ F/ F0) of fluorescence counts (F) relative to baseline (control) values before stimulation (F0), and were analysed via Origin (OriginLab) and WinFluor (University of Strathclyde) data analysis software.
We acquired dDTFs from all connections for each trial type (12 types: six scenarios and two conditions), and measured event-related causality (ERC), by normalizing the dDTF of each time point and each frequency bin to the median of the corresponding baseline control values.
Even the best designed studies may differ in several parameters, leading to a broad continuum of reported effect sizes as shown in Figure 2. Schmid et. al. [ 30] demonstrated previously that the observed treatment effect generally depends from the baseline (or control) value.
The heart rate increased in all groups receiving fluid resuscitation (versus baseline and control values, P < 0.05).
The medullary PO2 could be significantly restored in animals receiving resuscitation with HES200/0.5 (versus baseline and control values, P < 0.05).
After a sudden decrease in RBF from 5.4 ± 1.0 to 2.0 ± 0.7 ml/minute with LPS infusion, HES200/0.5 restored the RBF most effectively to 6.7 ± 1.7 ml/minute (versus baseline and control values, P < 0.05).
