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Each method's ability to separate known actives from a background set of 9000 random ChEMBL molecules, assumed to be inactive, is measured.
Each of these data sets include both 30 maximally dissimilar active compounds and a background set of 15,000 decoys similar to the actives in regards to low-dimension properties like solubility, volume, and surface area.
The promoter regions were scanned for overrepresentation of putative cis-elements as compared with a background set of genes not known to be oscillating.
We used the Weeder algorithm11 to identify the 50 highest scoring 'sequence words' between −2 kb and +0.5 kb of transcription start sites relative to a background set of approximately 26,000 human promoter sequences (Table S2).
These sequences were used as pair-weighted background to analyze the frequency of TFBS around insertion sites by the Clover program, which screens DNA sequence sets against a precompiled library of motifs and provides statistically significant over- or under-representation compared to a background set of sequences [34].
Enrichment of TFBS was analyzed among a target and a background set of upstream sequences using two different statistical tests.
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GO enrichment analysis was performed against a background set consisting of all the human genes with a known associated FANTOM5 human TSS using GOrilla [ 54 ].
As a background set, we used a set of selected 11,000 sequences of length 1200 bases from human genome.
This GO enrichment analysis tool allows comparing the presence of GO terms in a given gene catalogue with respect to a custom background set of genes.
The GO Term Finder tool (13) compares the GO annotations for a list of genes specified by the user to those of a specified background set of genes, in order to calculate the significance of GO annotations shared among the input set.
GeneMerge categorized the human homologs of genes that resulted from all three SHH libraries with over-represented GO (Gene Ontology) terms from the biological processes category given a human background set of genes [ 47].
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