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But he does expect government to provide him with a background level of order.
This is how we think of the placebo effect – a background level of improvement that medicine must outstrip to prove it has any effect.
With a background level of 1 kBq/ml, between 4 × 105 and 1 × 106 cells are required.
A water control was used for comparison because it gave a background level of adventitious root formation in the absence of external auxin-like stimuli.
A background level of 3 × 10−14 makes ASTER well-suited for measuring 41Ca/40Ca in the10−12 region, which is sufficient for a wide range of applications.
The new generation of experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay is aiming at a background level of 10−3counts/ kgkeVy) or better at the respective Q-values.
Extrapolating linearly these results to a background level of 1 kBq/ml resulted in a MDC at about 4 × 105 and 1.1 × 106 cells, for suspension and spheroids, respectively.
The membrane feeding assay revealed that antisera conferred a transmission blockade of up to 99% reduction in the average oocyst numbers per mosquito, while immunization with a rAd expressing Pfs25 from Plasmodium falciparum, a homolog of Pvs25, conferred only a background level of blockade, suggesting that a species-specific transmission-blocking immunity was induced.
Noticeably, N3F-derived matrices contain a background level of gelatinolytic enzymes (Figure 7B).
Before infection we found only a background level of luciferase activity at around 1,000 cpm.
Transfection of HeLa cells with vector control plasmid, in place of the reporter plasmid, followed by infection with VZV ROka resulted in a background level of fusion activity.
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