The resulting maximum-likelihood tree placed A. apis in a position congruent with that estimated by [ 16], i.e. within the Onygenales and not the sister clade Eurotiales.
It was probably in Memphis that the worship of Serapis (after the Greek form Osorapis, a combination of Osiris and Apis in the image of an eastern Greek god) arose under Ptolemy I Soter (305 282 bce).
The team was able to raise workers of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, in a hive of the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana.
An early study on dance communication between two subspecies of Apis mellifera in a mixed hive similar to ours commented on the 'misunderstandings' that occur when workers of one subspecies follow the dancers of another [16].
Pichai talked up "over 5,000 new APIs" in the new software, although only a few were talked about during the keynote session: more will be explained to developers in the coming days during the company's conference.
Adult worker bees infected with N. apis were collected from an apiary infected exclusively with N. apis in Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada in 2007.
This phylogenetic instability appears to be due to a higher level of sequence divergence along the A. apis lineage, as indicated by the long branch leading to A. apis in Figure 1.
Earlier phylogenetic studies supported a monophyletic Ascosphaeraceae; however, these studies included just two representatives of the family – Ascosphaera apis (Claussen) L.S. Olive & Spiltoir and A. atra Skou & K. Hackett (as A. apis in Berbee et al. 1995) – and not Bettsia [ 23, 24].
The possible orthologs of N. apis in N. ceranae, E. cuniculi or S. cerevisiae genomes were predicted by searching for the best reciprocal BLASTP matches with InParanoid [ 74].
When exposed to Surfactin, the spores of Nosema ceranae, the causative agent of parasitic infection in Apis mellifera, revealed a significant reduction in infectivity [ 65].
In Apis and in Anopheles, we find very similar arrangements indicative of an ancient ur-complex.
