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In the mid-12th century, when the Juchen, a Tungus people from eastern Manchuria, defeated the Liao and established the state of Jin, the Liao capital was rebuilt as the new Jin capital and renamed Zhongdu ("Central Capital").
In the battle the palaces of Zhongdu were set on fire and blazed for more than a month.
Zhongdu under the rule of the Juchen was constructed on a larger scale, with splendidly decorated palaces and halls.
In his biography of Confucius, Sima Qian claims that in 502 Duke Ding of Lu granted Confucius two posts in succession that of steward of Zhongdu and director of public works (sikong)—and that these led to his appointment as director of crime.
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